A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• humidity [233]. The sol–gel process is associated with costly precursors, process longevity, and difficulties regarding reproducibility [234]. 2.2.2 Reverse-micelle process. The reverse micelle is another approach for the synthesis of AgNPs. Reverse micelles are produced from surfactants such as sucrose

• AgNPs in sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles using ascorbic acid as the reductant and obtained particles with an average size of 6 nm. Yang et al. [154] used sodium borohydride as the reductant and octadecylamine (ODA) as the solvent and produced AgNPs with an average size of 3.38 nm

• concentration inside the reverse micelles [235]. AOT-microemulsions have been the most common microemulsions for the preparation of micelles [152]. However, this method may result in the synthesis of AgNPs with weak surface plasmon characteristics due to a broad surface plasmon band [152]. 2.2.3 Chemical vapor

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• –surfactant molar ratio (MW). By restricting the water–surfactant molar ratio up to 10 (i.e., MW < 10) the reverse micelles can be readily formed with narrow size distribution in a synthetic reaction system [23]. The water molecules restricted inside hydrophilic core resulted in swollen micelles that were

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• micelles, reverse micelles as well as worm-like structures, lamellar sheets, and vesicles (Figure 5). As mentioned previously, the thermodynamic incompatibility between the blocks forming the polymer chains is the driving force behind the formation of such nanostructures [4][35]. In this context, this

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• substitution using reverse micelles Dabin et al. [22] have developed an ingenious method to prepare nanometer-scale RDX using a simple technique. The crystallization is triggered by a solvent substitution, and the nanometer scale material is obtained by restricting the reactor volume using reverse micelles

• . NaAOT (sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate) with isooctane was used to form reverse micelles. Then RDX in dimethylformamide (DMF) is added to one solution containing these micelles, and water to another solution of micelles. Both are finally mixed together to form the n-RDX with a

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• nanoparticles such as sol–gel [21], precipitation [22], combustion [23], hydrothermal synthesis [24], solvothermal synthesis [25], reverse micelles [26], chemical vapor synthesis [27], aerosol pyrolysis [28], and sonochemical synthesis [29]. Dongare et al. [30] described the synthesis of ZrO2 by a sol–gel

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• critical micellar concentration, CMC) amphiphiles can spontaneously self-organize into well-defined supramolecular aggregates (host) which can be classified as normal and reverse micelles, emulsions, vesicles or liquid crystal phases and can shape or pattern other materials (guest), forming spherical

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• particle size, distance and arrangement [11]. Since this preparation is almost independent of the substrate, we successfully deposited the well-separated NPs on a-SiO2/Si(001), sapphire(0001) and magnesium oxide MgO(001). In brief, reverse micelles were formed using a commercial diblock-copolymer (PS-P2VP

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• reverse micellization takes place, reverse micelles can work as nanoreactors [40] and used to produce nanoparticles. Basing on our results, the reverse micellization regime definitively establishes with a TEOS/block copolymer weight ratio of 75/25 and the corresponding samples, obtained after calcination

The impact of the confinement of reactants on the metal distribution in bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized in reverse micelles

• Concha Tojo,
• Elena González and
• Nuria Vila-Romeu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1966–1979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.206

• the same micelle due to micelle collisions and coalescence. The chemical reaction can then take place to form precipitates of nanometric size, which remain confined to the interior of reverse micelles. This approach has been used to prepare a variety of nanomaterials [6][11][12][13][14][15] that often

• obtained in homogeneous reaction media. It was extended to synthesis inside micelles without taking into account the heterogeneity of reaction media. It is understood that reverse micelles are reaction vessels in which classical assumptions cannot always be used. For example, it was demonstrated that the

• concept as simple as the classical definition of pH cannot be applied in the interior of reverse micelles [27][28]. Previous simulation studies concluded that the structure of nanoparticles obtained in reverse micelles is determined by the difference in the reduction rates only if both reductions occur at

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• distance within a given periodic arrangement. 5) The maximizing of defect-free domain sizes of such NP lattices. A relative simple and affordable approach that nevertheless addresses all the above requirements is based on the self-organization of organic carrier systems such as colloids or reverse micelles

• ] carriers. In the following we focus exclusively on Au-precursor (HAuCl4) loaded diblock-copolymers [poly(styrene)(PS)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)(P2VP)], which is commercially available from Polymer Source Inc. Canada] that form reverse micelles in toluene. Details on preparing the solution, the dip

• self-organization of diblock-copolymers and, thus, closely related to the present approach, has been reported by Krishnamoorthy et al. [10]. Rather than NP these authors directly applied PS-b-P2VP reverse micelles as nano-masks. Due to the low etching resistance of these masks, however, an intermediate

Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO₂ and Ag-doped TiO₂ against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

• Kiran Gupta,
• R. P. Singh,
• Ashutosh Pandey and
• Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 345–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.40

• -catalyzed sol–gel process [23] starting from titanium(IV) tetrabutoxide (2.94 mM) and using 5 mL of water (pH 2) in the presence of toluene as solvent containing 1% aerosol-OT (reverse micelles) under stirring for 1 h: After gelation, the gel was dried at 100 °C in an oven for 24 h; white TiO2 nanosized

• mM) using 5 mL of water (pH 2) in presence of toluene as solvent containing 1% aerosol-OT (reverse micelles). The appropriate concentration of silver salt (3% or 7%) in 0.5 mL deionized water was dropwise added to the reaction mixture under stirring. After gelation, the nanoparticles were allowed to

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• precursor-loaded micelles [7][8][21]. In short, commercially available diblock-copolymers [polystyrene-block-poly-2-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P2VP) from Polymer Source Inc, Canada] forming spherical reverse micelles in an apolar solvent, such as toluene, are loaded with HAuCl4 salt as precursor. After optimized

• precursor-loaded reverse micelles. Schematics of the process leading to positioning nanoparticles on the micrometer scale: (1) Start; nanoparticles (NP) prepared by applying a method based on the self-organization of precursor loaded micelles on top of a flat substrate; here Au NP on Si; (2) Spin-coated

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• ) substrates, respectively. For this purpose, metallic Co nanoparticles (diameter 7 nm) were prepared with a spacing of 100 nm by deposition of precursor-loaded reverse micelles, subsequent plasma etching and reduction on flat Pt surfaces. The samples were then annealed at successively higher temperatures

• orientation of the STO substrates we find a cube-on-cube growth of the Pt film on the STO(100) with orientations Pt(100)||STO(100) and Pt[010]||STO[010]. Co nanoparticles on Pt films The preparation of metal NPs is based on spherical reverse micelles formed by the diblock copolymer poly(styrene)[m]-block-poly

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• ) nanoparticles were prepared by exploiting the self-organization of precursor loaded reverse micelles. Achievements and limitations of the preparation approach are critically discussed. We show that self-assembled metallic nanoparticles can be prepared with diameters d = 2–12 nm and interparticle distances D

• conservation of nanoparticles by Au photoseeding is presented. Keywords: Co; CoPt; core–shell particles; FePt; magnetic anisotropy; magnetic particles; plasma etching; reverse micelles; self-assembly; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles have been the focus of research for over 60 years [1][2]. These

• colloidal approach where NPs are formed within a liquid, the preparation of precursor loaded reverse micelles has been developed [36][37]. Here, precursor filled diblock-co-polymers are used to form hexagonally ordered arrays on different substrates by dip-coating [38]. In a second step, NPs are formed on